The earth intercepts a great deal of solar energy … about 137,000 terawatts- 10 times what the residents of the Earth use. So, is it likely that one day the world will depend completely on solar energy? To answer that question, first we need to study how the solar panels do it. By converting solar energy into electrical energy. Photovoltaic panel are made from smaller modules called solar cells. The most typical solar cell is made from silicon. It is semiconductor and is the 2nd most abundant in the world. In the solar cell, Crystalline silicon filler is done between conducting layers. Each silicon atom is connected to surrounding atoms by 4 strong bonds This keeps the electrons in place and hinders the existing from streaming. Here lies the key: A silicon solar cell uses 2 various layers of silicon. The first is N-type, which contains extra electrons. The p-type contains extra electron spaces called cavities. And at the point where the two types of silicon fulfill, electrons can travel through the meeting point (p \ n), leaving a positive charge on one side and a negative charge at the opposite.
You can visualize light as a flux of infinitesimal particles. They are called photons. After launching from the sun, when among these photons strikes the silicon cell, enough energy you can launch an electron from its bond, leaving a hole. The negatively charged electron and the favorably charged hold position. They are now free to move easily. But, due to the electric field at the meeting point (p \ n), they can just enter one instructions. An electron is being drawn in the instructions of n while the gap is being pulled to the instructions of p. The moving electrons are collected by thin metal fingers at the top of the cell. From there, it goes through an external circuit to do electrical work, as a running light bulb. And that before returning through the conductive aluminum plate at the back. Each silicon cell puts half an electric voltage But, it is possible to arrange them in modules to obtain more power. 12 photocells are enough to charge a cell phone While it needs a number of units to run an entire house. Electrons are the only moving parts of a solar cell And all of it returns to where it came from.
Nothing gets used up or taken in. So solar cells can last for many years. So, what is stopping us from becoming absolutely based on solar energy? There are political factors at work. Not to mention, the business interests that press for the continuation of the status quo. But, let’s focus now on the physical and market obstacles The most obvious of these obstacles is that solar energy is not equally distributed across the planet. Some locations are sunnier than others. In addition to being unpredictable, just a little solar energy is available on cloudy days or during the night. For that reason, total reliance will require reliable methods For getting electrical energy from bright to cloudy locations, and effective energy storage. The effectiveness of the cell itself is also a challenge. If sunlight is reflected rather than taken in, or if the expelled electrons fall into a gap before they cross the circuit, the energy of this photon is lost. The most effective solar cell to date- just 46% of the available sunlight is converted into electrical energy. The majority of the existing business systems have an effectiveness of 15-20%.
In spite of these constraints, in fact, it would be possible powering the whole world with existing solar cell innovation. We will need financing to construct the facilities and a large area. Price quotes put it in tens to hundreds of thousands of square miles. Which appears like a huge location. Only the Sahara Desert is over 3 million square miles. On the other hand, the solar cells get better and lower the cost. And compete with electrical energy from conventional networks.
And some innovations such as drifting solar cell farms, it can completely alter the landscapes. There is a fact that there are over a billion individuals They do not have an authorized source of electrical energy. Particularly in establishing nations, which has a bright atmosphere. For that reason, in those locations, solar energy is much cheaper and safer than the options available, like kerosene.